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Petroleum refining in Washington state
Washington state is the oil refining capital of the Northwest and has the fifth highest refining capacity of any state. As of 2015, there are 5 refineries in Washington state with a joint capacity of 631,700 b/d. They are, in order of greatest b/d capacity, Cherry Point refinery, Shell Anacortes refinery, Tesoro Anacortes refinery, Ferndale refinery and U.S. Oil refinery.
Washington’s isolation from the country’s vast pipeline network and its dependence on local petroleum markets ensures the refineries are crucial for providing energy that fuels the regional economy. The location of these facilities is strategically positioned to source crude from tight oil plays in the United States, Alberta’s oil sands and Alaska’s North Slope to markets along the West Coast and the growing economies of Asia.
Canada, Alaska and foreign crude sources are the historic inputs for Washington’s refineries. In 2011, the last full year that crude import data is available, Alaska and Canada provided the majority of crude supply to Washington State refineries, at 58.0 and 21.5 percent respectively. Russia was third at 8.5 percent with the remaining 12.0 percent received from a combination of unknown, Middle Eastern, South American and mixed origin sources in that order of significance. It should be noted that Washington’s refineries began receiving Bakken crude in 2012. While total refining capacity of Washington State comprises 3.5 percent of U.S. capacity, Washington accounts for only 2.0 percent of national petroleum consumption. This makes the state a net exporter of refined products as Washington’s refineries yield more products than the population consumes. Approximately 51.0 percent of end products are consumed in state with the remainder going out of state and abroad. In 2011, the last year full data is available, 35.0 percent of finished products were exported to domestic consumers, chiefly in Oregon and California. The remaining 14.0 percent of output was shipped abroad with the lion’s share to British Columbia.〔
==Exports to Oregon==
Oregon lacks any refining capacity and imports all of its petroleum products. Washington’s refineries supply upwards of 90 percent of Oregon’s petroleum product by way of the Olympic Pipeline and barge. Refineries in California and Utah contribute the remainder. Distribution through Oregon largely originates at Portland terminals that distribute product via tanker, truck, Columbia River barge service and the Kinder Morgan Energy Partners pipeline. The pipeline is a quasi-extension of the Olympic Pipeline that travels 115 miles from Portland to Eugene. On average, the Kinder Morgan pipeline moves 42,000 barrels of refined product per day.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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